NOS and Vodafone, and where MEO's absence shows
Portugal plans roam on NOS and Vodafone Portugal. MEO, which has the strongest nationwide coverage, is not in the roaming set.
Portuguese tourism is overwhelmingly coastal β Lisbon, Porto, the Algarve, the surf towns between them β and NOS and Vodafone both cover that strip well, with 5G in Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Coimbra.
The gap appears inland. The Alentejo is sparsely populated and large; the mountainous north around Peneda-GerΓͺs and the Serra da Estrela has genuine dead ground. These are exactly the areas people drive through on a road trip rather than fly into, so it is worth downloading offline maps for the route.